Within the last few years, there has been growing research and increasing knowledge of the plastisphere. This is due to its impact on soil organisms, plants and by extension, humans. In this chapter, the introduction of microplastics into the soil, as well the uptake of the microplastics by plants, the effects of the plastisphere on soil structure and plants, and factors that influence the microbial ecology of the plastisphere were studied. Plants take up microplastics from plastic waste through their roots by transpiration and attach to leaves surfaces by some chemical bonds. Microplastics in the soil generally impact plant growth and productivity as they inhibit the normal metabolism activities of plants. Soil microplastic contamination affects the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties. Once in the soil, microplastics persist and aggregate, whereupon they gradually disturb the biodiversity and functions of the soil ecosystem. The properties of microplastics and environmental conditions play a role in the formation and succession of a soil plastisphere community. Different microplastic types can also influence changes in the microbial community of the plastisphere. As microplastics age and degrade, they release toxic and harmful additives into the soil and these substances inhibit the community abundance of sensitive microbial groups, thus altering the composition of soil microorganisms. The findings in this study indicate that the plastisphere constitutes both environmental and potential health issues.