Petroleum contamination in soils forms an impermeable layer that prevents water entry and gas exchange. Petroleum hydrocarbons cause alteration in plant available nutrients and chemical composition of the soil respectively. Phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated sites is a low-cost feasible approach. The physiological activity of plants and the colonization of microbes in their rhizosphere help to alter and remove petroleum products in the soil. Rhizodegradation as well as the accumulation of various hydrocarbons in plants determines the rate of decontamination of petroleum products in the course of phytoremediation. However, plants that grow in petroleum-contaminated sites have metabolic alterations. Understanding the phytotoxicity of petroleum products is important. It is imperative to identify local plant species for phytoremediation of petroleum-contaminated soil. The present chapter discusses plant growth and ideal plants for phytoremediation in petroleum-contaminated sites.