Petroleum hydrocarbons contaminate soil through anthropogenic activities. These substances pose risks to the environment and human health at very low concentrations. Recent research has explored a novel hybrid strategy that enhances petroleum hydrocarbon pollution bioremediation using electrokinetics (EK). Bioelectrokinetic remediation offers effective treatment of petroleum-contaminated soil. Although it has several drawbacks, such as extreme pH levels and rising temperatures, bioelectrokinetic remediation has significant potential in low-permeability soils and sediments, where traditional bioremediation methods are difficult to apply. Soils with high hydraulic conductivity and permeability have low negative impact on microorganisms, soil or sediment characteristics, and are well-suited for bioelectrochemical remediation. Due to limitations of the microbial electron transfer pathway, the treatment period for bioelectrokinetic remediation is long. Comprehensive investigations of specific petroleum-contaminated soils should be undertaken to enhance the equipment, process parameters, and scale up technologies. Further optimization of bioelectrokinetics and remediation strategies necessitates research in environmental engineering, electrochemistry, and biology. Before remediation, a site-specific approach based on the characteristics of petroleum-contaminated soils and sediments is crucial; effective petroleum-degrading bacteria must be isolated; and various technologies employed to meet different objectives of practical remediation. Additionally, remediation must consider mass balance, end product, and overall pollutant removal efficiencies. Ultimately, the primary criteria for restoring petroleum-contaminated soils should be adaptability, sustainability, environmental friendliness, and economic viability.