Environmental sustainability of the ocean provides essential resources for economic development and food security. In that sense, ocean literacy is required to respond to making effective marine management for sustaining the phase of life living on our planet in light of the decline of food security. However, access to accurate and compelling ocean education remains low. In this chapter, we delve into findings from prominent studies. This undertaking allows us to highlight the key empirical challenges in the field of ocean economics and offers insights as follows: First, we describe an evolution of ocean literacy over the period from 2004 to 2024. Second, we provide a discussion about individuals’ ocean literacy toward the support of sustainable seafood consumption behaviour. Third, we discuss the influence of environmental ocean on seafood consumption that the literature has uncovered so far. Forth, we provide several recommendations to directly link the research gaps to the avenues for further research. To promote public awareness of marine environmental threats and conservation efforts, this review is expected to leverage on the widespread interest in ocean literacy that becomes the substantial global attention.