The second chapter provides the theoretical tools to explore empirical results and to further theorise eco-social policy dynamics within the global governance system (foundation for Chap. 7 ). The theoretical framework of global policy dynamics helps to focus on the underlying construction processes of this eco-social policy content. As this book reconstructs certain perceptions of the interconnections between policy fields, it is necessary to develop a theoretical framework that extends beyond the specific notions of eco-social policy, environmental policy and social policy. This framework transcends the dynamics of these individual policy fields. It helps to understand the extent to which the prescribed eco-social policy notions represent a change from incumbent global policy notions and explains the underlying dynamics responsible for generating conflictual eco-social policy perspectives within the organisations (Chaps. 4 and 5 ). Crucial theoretical concepts are drawn from world polity theory, discourse theory, Polanyi’s work on the double movement and policy paradigms. This application and combination of different theoretical concepts contextualises the empirical analysis within the backdrop of world political struggles among different policy perspectives seeking to institutionalise their specific approaches on a global level. Accordingly, this book employs world polity and discourse theory to reconstruct which policy perspectives are structurally neglected in the creation of eco-social policy at the global level within the two international organisations. To further interpret and illustrate the dynamic and discursive struggle between different and opposing perspectives within both organisations’ eco-social policy discourses, this study draws on Polanyi’s concept of the double movement. To assess the degree of change occurring in the creation of an eco-social policy perspective in both organisations, this book draws on the concept of different orders of policy paradigm change.