Maritime operations, crucial for global trade, increasingly rely on digital navigation and communication systems, making them vulnerable to cyber threats such as Global Positioning System (GPS) jamming, Automatic Identification System (AIS) spoofing, and multi-vector attacks. These threats compromise vessel safety, disrupt port logistics, and challenge maritime security. This paper introduces harborLang, a domain-specific language (DSL) for modeling and analyzing maritime cybersecurity risks. Built on the Meta Attack Language (MAL) framework, harborLang provides a structured approach to representing maritime assets, their interdependencies, and cyberattack propagation pathways. By enabling systematic risk assessment, it supports the secure digitalization of maritime operations. The evaluation demonstrates harborLang’s ability to model real-world cyber threats, highlighting its potential for enhancing maritime cybersecurity. Future extensions will expand its applicability to multi-vessel interactions and port-wide threat modeling, further strengthening maritime resilience against cyber risks.

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HarborLang: Enhancing Maritime Operational Safety Through Cyber Threat Simulation and Assessment

  • Diana Malakhova,
  • Simon Hacks,
  • Anna Alexeeva,
  • Thomas Ricardo Pathe

摘要

Maritime operations, crucial for global trade, increasingly rely on digital navigation and communication systems, making them vulnerable to cyber threats such as Global Positioning System (GPS) jamming, Automatic Identification System (AIS) spoofing, and multi-vector attacks. These threats compromise vessel safety, disrupt port logistics, and challenge maritime security. This paper introduces harborLang, a domain-specific language (DSL) for modeling and analyzing maritime cybersecurity risks. Built on the Meta Attack Language (MAL) framework, harborLang provides a structured approach to representing maritime assets, their interdependencies, and cyberattack propagation pathways. By enabling systematic risk assessment, it supports the secure digitalization of maritime operations. The evaluation demonstrates harborLang’s ability to model real-world cyber threats, highlighting its potential for enhancing maritime cybersecurity. Future extensions will expand its applicability to multi-vessel interactions and port-wide threat modeling, further strengthening maritime resilience against cyber risks.