This chapter explains the pivotal role of micronutrients in sustaining optimal well-being. This chapter describes the profound impact of essential vitamins and minerals on various aspects of health, from bolstering immune function, disease prevention, and implications to health and diseases. This chapter consists of micronutrient requirements, dietary sources, their nuanced interplay within the body including healthy implications of deficiencies, and recommended daily requirements by age group, during pregnancy and lactation. With a focus on evidence-based insights, it offers practical advice for public health interventions including dietary interventions, food diversity, food fortification, biofortification, special population needs, nutrition education, and policy and advocacy.