This chapter explores cancer prevention by examining diet and its impact on the metabolites in the body (nutrimetabolomics). It delves into understanding how the metabolites in the body react to the food consumed, emphasizing nutrimetabolomic analytical techniques and their applications in cancer research. It highlights the pivotal role of proteins and peptides from various food sources in chemoprevention (nutriproteomics). The focus extends to anticancer plant proteins and peptides, encompassing plant-derived lectins, milk-derived components, and the anticancer properties found in egg proteins. Additionally, this chapter discusses the ingredients and biomarkers constituted by proteins and peptides, leveraging proteomic technology for identification and characterization. This comprehensive overview provides insights into the diverse applications of metabolomics, nutrimetabolomics, and proteomics in understanding and harnessing the potential of food-derived compounds for cancer prevention.