Corneal transparency is crucial to preserve the refractive power of the eye. The cornea carries a low, though important risk to develop scarring following corneal refractive procedures (mainly photorefractive keratectomy and laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis). Proper patient selection, limited flap manipulation to prevent erosions, perfect flap positioning to prevent wrinkles and displacement, and proper treatment of all excessive inflammation or abnormal tissue response, such as diffuse lamellar keratitis and epithelial ingrowth, are essential to best minimize the risk of scar formation and consequently optimize the visual outcome.