The study is dedicated to discussing the governance challenges of social security systems and proposing innovative economic policy solutions toward their sustainability. Social security systems have come to face the newly defined post-global crisis environment, where all social policies have become appurtenances of financial markets and budgetary authorities. Although there has been an expansion of social security systems in countries around the world, immense difficulty is posed by changes in the global demographic picture and new income ratios among the under-aged, the elderly, and the working-age groups to remold together. The research will explore those qualitative and quantitative governance issues in the social security systems through mixed research methods. This study uses 123 institutional person interviews with policymakers, administrators, and economic analysts, and a desk review of policy documents and publications from international organizations such as the International Labor Organization (ILO) and World Bank. Demographic data and economic indicators will be collected and analyzed to identify trends and patterns that may impact the long-term viability of social security. The research proposes a set of policies, including the promotion of pension coverage among all workers, increasing financial literacy, investing in ICT for efficient administration, and providing more labor market opportunities for women and youth. The findings buttress the argument that innovative economic policies, plus administrative reforms, are urgently needed to address the demographic, fiscal, and governance challenges that would render social security sustainable in the long term.