While it provides enormousopportunities for economic development, digitalization has opened the whole new dimension of cyber threats to this sector. This study researches the context of financial cybersecurity during the period from 2015 to 2024, focusing on newly arising challenges, technological development, and responses from regulators that impact the robustness of digital financial systems. Notably, our findings show that there has been major growth in cyberattacks against financial institutions, with AI-powered threats growing as much as 78% during this period. Despite this, only 40% of G20 countries have implemented comprehensive financial cybersecurity legislation as of 2024, showing how regulatory frameworks struggle to keep pace with technological developments. In any case, the adoption of advanced technologies, such as AI-driven threat detection and blockchain-based security solutions, has shown promising results for certain areas, reducing successful breaches by 62% in institutions where the implementations have been done. This research underlines the important role that financial cybersecurity plays in trusting and stabilizing the digital economy. Our findings underline the urgent need for globally harmonized regulatory standards and the raising of investments in state-of-the-art cybersecurity technologies. This question of quantum-resistant cryptography and the cybersecurity impact of innovative financial technologies, including decentralized finance platforms, will be an issue that needs to be comprehensively examined in future research.