This study provides an environmental performance evaluation of heavy-duty 40-ton semi-trailer trucks from a life cycle perspective. The life cycle assessment (LCA) study was conducted as a hypothetical case study of semi-trailer trucks used in Norway. The life cycle impacts of diesel, fuel cell, and battery electric semi-trailer trucks are assessed in a cradle-to-grave attributional LCA study in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions as well as five other impact categories. Overall, we find that battery electric and fuel cell trucks offer GHG benefits compared to diesel trucks. However, across five other environmental impact categories, results are less clear-cut, with the diesel and battery trucks offering the lowest impact and the fuel cell truck having higher impacts. However, due to lower technological maturity and limited primary industry data available higher uncertainty exists for modelling of fuel cell systems. This should be taken into consideration in further studies. The preliminary results in this study offer environmental insights of electric powertrains and demonstrate the importance of holistic environmental impact understanding, beyond direct emissions and GHG assessment.