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This paper estimates the potential for cycling combined with public transit (PT) as a substitute for car trips in the Lisbon metropolitan area and assesses its socio-environmental impacts using open data and open source tools. A decision support tool that facilitates the design and development of a metropolitan cycling network was developed (biclaR). The social and environmental impacts were assessed using the HEAT for Cycling and the HEAT as a Service tools. The impacts of shifting car trips to PT were also estimated and monetized. The results indicate that 10% of trips could be made by bicycle + PT combination. Shifting to cycling for the first-and-last mile stages can reduce annual CO2eq emissions from 3,000 tons/day, with benefits over 10 years of at least €125 million. For the PT leg, the transfer from car avoids up to 20,500 tons of CO2eq emissions per year. This evidence can support policymakers to prioritize interventions that reduce the reliance on private motor vehicles.

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biclaR: Estimating the Socio-Environmental Impacts of Car Substitution by Bicycle and Public Transit Using Open Tools

  • 会议论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Rosa Félix,
  • Filipe Moura,
  • Robin Lovelace

摘要

This paper estimates the potential for cycling combined with public transit (PT) as a substitute for car trips in the Lisbon metropolitan area and assesses its socio-environmental impacts using open data and open source tools. A decision support tool that facilitates the design and development of a metropolitan cycling network was developed (biclaR). The social and environmental impacts were assessed using the HEAT for Cycling and the HEAT as a Service tools. The impacts of shifting car trips to PT were also estimated and monetized. The results indicate that 10% of trips could be made by bicycle + PT combination. Shifting to cycling for the first-and-last mile stages can reduce annual CO2eq emissions from 3,000 tons/day, with benefits over 10 years of at least €125 million. For the PT leg, the transfer from car avoids up to 20,500 tons of CO2eq emissions per year. This evidence can support policymakers to prioritize interventions that reduce the reliance on private motor vehicles.