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L-category vehicles (LVs) may result in numerous harmful effects, due to more relaxed emission standards and higher peak noise levels, compared to other types of vehicles. LV tampering further contributes to the deterioration of pollutant and noise emission performance since these modifications often take place without considering any potential negative consequences. This paper aims to present the most common LV tampering methods within the European Union (EU) and to assess their undesirable effects by using a qualitative approach. The impacts of each method on noise and pollutant (including CO, NOx, and HC) emission levels are determined in the form of an effects table, which could be used as a guide and contribute to identifying LV tampering attempts, as well as assessing any negative impacts more effectively. This study is part of the L-vehicles Emission and Noise mitigation Solutions (LENS) project, funded from the EU’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101056777. The main aim of LENS is to assist law enforcement and regulatory authorities to reduce the contribution of LVs to air and noise pollution.

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Extent of L-vehicles Tampering and Impact on Noise and Emissions

  • 会议论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Nikoletta Batsalia,
  • Georgios Triantafyllopoulos,
  • Michael Dittrich,
  • Athanasios Tziovas,
  • Leonidas Ntziachristos

摘要

L-category vehicles (LVs) may result in numerous harmful effects, due to more relaxed emission standards and higher peak noise levels, compared to other types of vehicles. LV tampering further contributes to the deterioration of pollutant and noise emission performance since these modifications often take place without considering any potential negative consequences. This paper aims to present the most common LV tampering methods within the European Union (EU) and to assess their undesirable effects by using a qualitative approach. The impacts of each method on noise and pollutant (including CO, NOx, and HC) emission levels are determined in the form of an effects table, which could be used as a guide and contribute to identifying LV tampering attempts, as well as assessing any negative impacts more effectively. This study is part of the L-vehicles Emission and Noise mitigation Solutions (LENS) project, funded from the EU’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under grant agreement No 101056777. The main aim of LENS is to assist law enforcement and regulatory authorities to reduce the contribution of LVs to air and noise pollution.