The preceding chapter outlined key Afghan objections to the Durand Line. These include claims that the agreement is legally invalid due to British coercion of the Amir; the notion that it was intended to define spheres of influence in lieu of establishing a permanent boundary; the contention that the Amir lacked the authority to divide land and people without proper consultation; and the complaint that the British orchestrated a fraudulent referendum during India’s transition to independence to deny the Pashtuns their right to self-determination. Additionally, Afghans offer some lesser points to bolster their stance.