The article considers approaches to ensure the wear resistance of friction units and other aviation parts working at operating temperatures above 800 °C and increased contact loads in the dry friction mode. Based on the research by the same authors as this study and the best scientific and practical experience described in the literature, it is possible to ensure and increase the wear resistance of contacting surfaces under such friction conditions by using heat treatment operations or protective coatings with improved tribological and heat-resistant properties. The article analytically investigates, experimentally confirms, and proposes to use coatings with a wide range of protective properties based on ZrO2 stabilized by appropriate alloying in the aviation industry. These coatings can be applied to materials used in aircraft construction, such as heat-resistant high-alloy steels and alloys, Ti and Al-based alloys. However, each specific case of using such coatings should be considered in terms of operating conditions and modes of operation. The necessary tribological studies of the selected surfaces in the modes of dry sliding friction in linear contact and fretting corrosion showed their good tribological and tribocorrosion properties. Thus, the ZrO2 + 30%Ni coating, which has the best heat-resistant properties compared to the other coatings studied in this work, has 60% worse wear resistance compared to the ZrO2 + 10%Ni coating. The ZrO2 + CaO coating has the worst heat-resistant properties. An assumption is made about the possibility of layer-by-layer application of the studied coatings to ensure a wider range of their use in real operating conditions. Technological approaches to ensuring the wear resistance of aircraft parts are presented.