Theoretical Prerequisites for Increasing the Durability and Service Life of Working Bodies of Tillage Machines
摘要
Intensive and modern crop cultivation technologies require increased attention to farming practices. This includes high-quality tillage, protection against erosion and deflation, and the efficient accumulation, storage, and use of moisture. These practices improve the agro-physical properties of the soil, which in turn necessitates a differentiated approach to cultivation methods and the development of machinery components. Mechanical tillage is a key component of farming systems. In modern technologies, it accounts for 35–40% of energy expenditures and 25–30% of labor resources. The most energy-intensive operation is plowing, which requires significant energy consumption. Today, many flat-geometry parts are manufactured in Ukraine and worldwide to serve as working parts of agricultural machinery and technological equipment. These include components of tillage machines, cutting units of harvesting machines, parts of equipment for processing agricultural products, and conveyors for manure collection. The wear resistance of domestic tillage equipment is low: cultivator tines need frequent sharpening, and plowshares cover only 9–16 ha without maintenance. Uniform wear with a coefficient close to one requires detailed wear analysis for each component. Analyzing these characteristics and the uniform wear factor allows us to improve design parameters more effectively, develop wear-resistant materials, and locally strengthen the most stressed areas of parts. At these localized areas, wear-resistant dots prevent the free movement of soil along the working surface, halting it. This decreases the wear rate of working surfaces and increases the service life of working bodies. It also confirms that the relative wear resistance by weight of the hardened plowshare is 2.2 times higher than that of the standard (serial) plowshare.