This paper presents the results of study of distribution of shrinkage and swelling deformations on concrete interfaces. The conducted studies of composite materials have shown that regardless of the mechanisms occurring at different levels of structural inhomogeneities, what is common to composites is the formation of internal interfaces capable of transforming into cracks with increasing loads and impacts. Such cracks are classified as hereditary or technological, present in the material of structures or products before operational loads and impacts are applied to them. Of interest is the distribution of shrinkage and swelling deformations in materials with technological cracks, as well as their influence on the deformation characteristics of concrete and on resistance under low-cycle fatigue loading conditions. It should be noted that the formation and development of technological cracks at the macro level is determined by technological cracks at the micro level. This made it possible to qualitatively assess the change in damage to concrete and structures, as well as to propose a method that takes into account the deformation of concrete containing technological and operational cracks in its structure. It is necessary to study the mechanism of the origin and development of initial cracks under the action of alternating loads, the mechanism of fatigue growth of technological cracks under alternating volumetric swelling deformations and during a cycle of decreasing volume of the material, as well as under the action of different shrinkage deformations on its edges. It is important to study the influence of initial damage on the nature and kinetics of development of operational cracks. Therefore, the study of the transformation of technological cracks into operational cracks under the action of low-cycle loads in concrete products and structures is of particular relevance.