The study investigates the formation of residual stresses in the surface layer of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V components produced through solid-phase metallurgy from powder mixtures. The research objective was to establish the regularities of high-speed milling and vibropolishing process parameters on residual stress distribution and surface layer quality. The object of this research is the process of residual stress formation in the surface layer of titanium alloy specimens produced using solid-phase metallurgy technologies from powder mixtures during their subsequent processing. Experimental studies revealed that compressive residual stresses formed in the surface layer, with maximum values occurring in the subsurface layer, regardless of the high-speed milling parameters. A multidirectional influence of the main technological parameters was identified: increasing cutting speed led to a decrease in compressive residual stress values, while increasing feed rate per tooth resulted in their enhancement. These phenomena were attributed to the predominant influence of the force factor over the thermal factor during high-speed milling. Different optimal parameter combinations were determined for roughing operations (which prioritize productivity) and finishing operations (which aim to maximize beneficial compressive residual stresses). Subsequent vibropolishing not only significantly reduced surface roughness but also increased compressive residual stress levels. The results expand the scientific foundation of titanium alloy mechanical processing technology and provide valuable insights for developing technological processes for gas turbine engine critical components manufacturing to enhance their fatigue strength and operational reliability.