At first glance there is no straightforward relationship between the architectonic organization of the telencephalon and glioma. To bridge these two topics, it is fundamental to relate the architectonic organization of the telencephalon with brain anatomy. Meanwhile, once anatomy comes into the subject, it is crucial, especially in what concerns the brain, to understand all its dimensions (Fig. 10.1). Brain anatomy can be divided into surface anatomy (sulci and gyri), sectional anatomy (basal nuclei, hypothalamus, thalamus, and the white matter), functional anatomy, white matter anatomy (fibre tracts), microanatomy (cytoarchitecture, myeloarchitecture, etc.), comparative anatomy (relating human brain’s anatomy with that from other species), and developmental anatomy (phylogeny, ontogeny, and embryology). This integrated view of the brain allows one to reach a deeper understanding of the brain’s anatomy and the development of different pathologies within it, which is crucial regarding the surgical approach to these lesions, helping the neurosurgeon to plan the most appropriate approach and to minimize the damage to surrounding structures.