The research explores the determinants of sustainable development, highlighting the impact of sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption. Furthermore, individually analyzing the factors influencing sustainable development, sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption. Using secondary data sources for 19 variables, the study analyzed it for the G20 nations excluding the European Union. Nevertheless, the findings conclude that a positive relationship between sustainable growth and energy-efficient consumption contributes to sustainable development. Including macroeconomic, spatial and socio-economic variables as control variables enhances the study’s findings by unravelling a unique perspective and relationship between these variables on sustainable development.