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The recently enacted European regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI), the AI Act, seeks to mitigate risks associated with AI systems and to protect fundamental rights while promoting innovation within the European Union (EU). For cybersecurity educators and professionals, Article 4 of the AI Act promotes the tremendous challenge of obliging organizations that use AI systems to educate their employees on the subject, in order to promote AI literacy. This article therefore provides a systematic literature review on the AI Act and its criticisms, with the intention of fostering an understanding of the challenges ahead, by providing an educational overview on the subject of AI regulation. We find research on the AI Act from a cybersecurity perspective to be scarce. The results of our review demonstrate that the Act has faced significant criticism for its lack of clarity and the challenges of concrete application, stemming from the complexity of algorithms and the diverse range of sectors it encompasses. The complexity of implementation of the regulation hinders compliance and, overall, innovation, leaving several opportunities for regulatory improvement and academic research.

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Regulatory Challenges in Cybersecurity – A Critical Analysis of the EU AI Act

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Fédéric Tronnier,
  • Sascha Löbner,
  • Marie-Hermance Lacombe,
  • Kai Rannenberg

摘要

The recently enacted European regulation on Artificial Intelligence (AI), the AI Act, seeks to mitigate risks associated with AI systems and to protect fundamental rights while promoting innovation within the European Union (EU). For cybersecurity educators and professionals, Article 4 of the AI Act promotes the tremendous challenge of obliging organizations that use AI systems to educate their employees on the subject, in order to promote AI literacy. This article therefore provides a systematic literature review on the AI Act and its criticisms, with the intention of fostering an understanding of the challenges ahead, by providing an educational overview on the subject of AI regulation. We find research on the AI Act from a cybersecurity perspective to be scarce. The results of our review demonstrate that the Act has faced significant criticism for its lack of clarity and the challenges of concrete application, stemming from the complexity of algorithms and the diverse range of sectors it encompasses. The complexity of implementation of the regulation hinders compliance and, overall, innovation, leaving several opportunities for regulatory improvement and academic research.