The study addresses the critical interplay between land use and land cover (LULC) changes and future precipitation patterns, emphasizing their combined impact on surface discharge dynamics. Across diverse ecological and geographical contexts, alterations in LULC have profound implications for hydrological processes, influencing factors such as surface and sub-surface discharge. In this study, the innovative trend analysis (ITA) and the additive data decomposition method were employed to assess the presence of trends in surface and sub-surface discharge. We analyze how future precipitation scenarios, driven by climate change, may exacerbate the effects of LULC changes on surface and sub-surface discharge. This study highlights the necessity of integrated watershed management strategies that account for both anthropogenic influences and climate variability. Our findings underscore the need for adaptive management practices that can enhance resilience in water resource systems while providing a framework for policymakers to mitigate negative impacts. Furthermore, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of hydrological responses to synergistic environmental changes, offering insights for sustainable land and water management in the face of future climate uncertainties.