Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is the most common method for 3D printing polymers and is gaining popularity in engineering due to its ability to easily create complex parts. However, the mechanical properties of 3D-printed parts heavily rely on the optimal selection of process parameters. This study aims to investigate the optimum 3D printing process parameters for achieving the highest ultimate tensile strength using polylactic acid material. The FDM input variables include raster angle, layer thickness, nozzle temperature, print speed, and bed temperature. The experiments were performed using the Taguchi method. Additionally, linear regression analysis was employed to establish the relationship between the input variables and the output variable. The analysis of variance was used to assess the significance of the mathematical models and to measure the percentage contribution of control factors. The optimal parameter combination was selected based on the signal-to-noise ratio and the main effects plot. The results revealed a model summary with a coefficient of determination value of 97.52%, indicating successful experimentation. The experimental results indicated that the optimum process parameters for maximum ultimate tensile strength were a raster angle of 0°, a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, a nozzle temperature of 215 °C, a print speed of 40 mm/s, and a bed temperature of 60 °C. Finally, the effects of the process parameters on the ultimate tensile strength were studied.