This chapter explores the roots of behavioral public administration, examines emerging trends, and sets the stage for advancing cognitive public administration. It scrutinizes empirical studies conducted in Italy involving both public employees and service users, in the context of public and healthcare organizations. Initially, it traces the origins of behavioral public administration to Herbert Simon’s concepts of bounded rationality and satisficing. It then synthesizes recent advances in understanding biases and noise as distinct factors contributing to judgment errors. Additionally, it proposes interventions in choice architecture based on Nudge Theory to mitigate biases, reduce noise, and prevent sludge. Subsequently, it identifies emerging patterns in administrative behavior within Italy, emphasizing the essential role of information use in decisions and the streamlining of administrative procedures to reduce burdens. The chapter also clarifies the unique attributes of randomized experiments and their role in informing administrative practices. Finally, drawing on recent advancements in cognitive economics, it introduces the concept of selective attention and suggests that investigating the origins of instability and multimodality in belief formation is crucial for future research in this field.