The article deals with the theoretical foundations and regulatory and legal framework of the concepts of protection and resilience. The practical implications of differentiating these concepts in the sphere of protection and resilience of Ukraine’s critical infrastructure in both peacetime and wartime are analyzed. The author recognizes that a necessary component of protection and resilience is both compliance with existing regulatory requirements and the development of prospective legislation. It is recognized that one of the priorities of Ukraine’s security policy should be to increase the protection and resilience of national critical infrastructure against the full range of threats and risks as a component of Ukraine’s national security. It is emphasized that the adoption and implementation of measures of the National Plan for Protection and Provision of Security and Resilience of Critical Infrastructure, developed by the State Service of Special Communications and Information Protection of Ukraine, will contribute to the smooth operation of critical infrastructure facilities of various categories, will provide protection from threats and increase the resilience of critical infrastructure, which will contribute to their uninterrupted functioning.