The media attention to Chinese American conservative activism against affirmative action in recent years has created the impression of a broader Chinese American opposition to affirmative action. Chapter 4 challenges this misconception and provides a contextualized account of their complex positioning within the affirmative action debate. It draws on a critical review of landmark affirmative action cases, amicus briefs, media reports, and relevant scholarship. It finds competing narratives that position Chinese Americans and the broad Asian American community on opposing sides of the affirmative action debate: they are portrayed as architects, beneficiaries, or supporters of the policy, or as model minority victims and opponents of it. They are also depicted as either a pawn used by white conservatives to undermine diversity and racial equity in higher education, or active agents fighting for equal education rights and against anti-Asian discrimination.