The use of medicinal plants is an ancient practice, which is still widespread in several regions of the world, especially in tropical areas. However, the indiscriminate use of these substances can cause significant kidney complications. Herbal-induced nephropathy has emerged as an important cause of kidney injury, particularly in vulnerable populations with limited access to modern healthcare. This chapter addresses the mechanisms of kidney injury associated with the use of medicinal plants, the specific risks for patients with pre-existing kidney diseases, and the importance of medical awareness in the prevention of these cases. In addition, cases of acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease related to the use of plants such as Aristolochia, Ginkgo biloba, and Aloe vera are analyzed, highlighting the need for greater regulation and studies on the toxicity of these substances. Finally, recommended preventive measures to minimize the risks associated with the consumption of herbs, especially in patients with chronic kidney disease, are discussed.