American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is considered an occupational disease transmitted by an insect of the genus Lutzomyia in the New World and Phlebotomus in the Old World. Immune response will determine which manifestation appear, and most patients do not develop disease. The primary lesion is usually single and may exhibit multiple lesions due to several bites by the vector. The definitive diagnosis only occurs with the identification of the parasite through parasitological, immunological, histopathological, and molecular techniques. Kidney dysfunction related to visceral leishmaniasis is well described in the literature with variable reports, ranging from nonspecific alterations, identified in the urine tests, to several types of glomerulopathies. Tubular dysfunction has been well described more recently. Treatment objectives are as follows: reducing the risk of mucosal form development and disease dissemination, accelerating disease resolution. In Brazil, the recommendation is to use meglumine antimoniate. Amphotericin B is also recommended.