The paper presents an overview of the methods for obtaining Raman spectra of molecular objects when they are excited by laser radiation. Raman scattering is currently one of the main methods for identifying molecules, as well as for analyzing and classifying intramolecular bonds. The method utilizing Raman scattering is a universal one. It is used to study molecular formations in any aggregation state. Raman spectrometers are applied to analyze any type of inorganic and organic materials including semiconductor elements (in materials science), nanostructures (in nanotechnology), reaction mechanisms and synthesis products (in organic chemistry), biological tissues and natural fibers (in biology), and cultures of microorganisms and cell cultures (in microbiology). Such equipment is also very useful now in mineralogy, in forensic and customs examinations, in pharmaceuticals and cosmetology. This time, we will consider the two most commonly used methods for obtaining Raman spectra such as dispersive Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy, their distinctive features and areas of use. Our particular interest is the efficiency of these approaches in monitoring water resources. #COMESYSO1120.