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The final chapter in this book reflects on the findings, models and frameworks presented previously. The first part, “creative design thinking” revisits the results of two cognitive studies (Chap. 2 ) and the qualitative analysis and quantitative measures of complexity developed for design thinking (Chaps. 3 and 4 ). The second part, “collaborative design thinking”, considers the broader implications of the Design Team Cognition (DTC) model, the Cognitive-Social-Technical (C-S-T) system model, and the Digital Design Thinking (DDT) frameworks (Chaps. 5 , 6 , 7 and 8 ). Finally, “cultural design thinking” returns to the language of design and its consequences for spatial reasoning and communication (Chaps. 9 and 10 ). This chapter summarises the book’s contribution to advancing design thinking across creativity, collaboration and culture.

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Conclusion: The Three C’s of Design Thinking

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ju Hyun Lee,
  • Michael J. Ostwald,
  • Ning Gu

摘要

The final chapter in this book reflects on the findings, models and frameworks presented previously. The first part, “creative design thinking” revisits the results of two cognitive studies (Chap. 2 ) and the qualitative analysis and quantitative measures of complexity developed for design thinking (Chaps. 3 and 4 ). The second part, “collaborative design thinking”, considers the broader implications of the Design Team Cognition (DTC) model, the Cognitive-Social-Technical (C-S-T) system model, and the Digital Design Thinking (DDT) frameworks (Chaps. 5 , 6 , 7 and 8 ). Finally, “cultural design thinking” returns to the language of design and its consequences for spatial reasoning and communication (Chaps. 9 and 10 ). This chapter summarises the book’s contribution to advancing design thinking across creativity, collaboration and culture.