Functional Capacity, Activities, and Participation
摘要
Functional capacity is a central indicator of health in old age because it reflects the severity of the chronic conditions and at the same time serves as a resource for participation in different life situations. Functioning of older people can be addressed from the point of view what they are physically or cognitively able to do and conversely what they are unable to do which refers to disability. There is no uniform way to categorize or outline functional capacity. Commonly used headings include activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mobility. Autonomy in mobility is essential for the opportunity to lead a life the way one wants and participate in social activities and access community amenities. Models outlining different levels of functioning, such as cellular, organ, whole person, and person-environment interaction, help understand how more distal and proximal variables relate to disability outcomes. People cope with functional deficits in different ways that may be adaptive or maladaptive in the circumstances that they live considering that physical and social environment may support or hinder mobility.