The objective of this paper is to research the axial compression behavior of back-to-back stud the cold-formed thin-walled steel composite wall. The validity of the finite element method is verified by founding the numerical model of single limb column the composite wall. The influence of parameters is analyzed such as whether to cover wall panels, screws arrangement, and the column wall thickness on its axial compressive bearing capacity. The results demonstrate that the failure pattern of the composite wall is primarily governed by local buckling failure. OSB panels can notably enhance the axial compressive capacity of the wall by a significant margin, being 41.53% higher than that of the non-clad panels. Compared with the fastener spacing of 600 mm under the same conditions, the axial compressive load tolerance of the composite wall with the screw distance of 300 mm is improved by 2.5%. When the screw pitch is encrypted from 300 mm to 150 mm, the change of the screw spacing has little influence on the axial compression load resistance of the composite wall. With the increase of column thickness, which signifies an improvement in sectional performance, a greater bearing capacity is achieved. Under identical conditions, when the column thickness measures 1.86 mm, the axial compressive capacity of the combined wall is enhanced by 2.21% compared to its value at a column thickness of 1.83 mm. It is recommended that screws arrangement does not exceed 300 mm, and the thickness of the column is 1.86 mm.