Ashk: The Sufi Concept for Love
摘要
Eros, agapē, and philia are distinct concepts of love which the modern world has inherited from ancient Greek philosophy, particularly from Plato. In Sufi cosmology, the world is created out of love (Turkish ashk) and exists for the sake of love. This concept transcends the dichotomy between the sacred and the profane, suggesting that all beings are made of love and, therefore, deserve care, compassion, and mercy. This chapter argues that the Sufi concept of love is comparable to Plato’s discussion of eros and examines how ashk has been overlooked in Western scholarly discourse on love and philosophy. It seeks to position ashk alongside eros and agapē as a crucial yet missing link in the Platonic heritage. The chapter claims that the omission of ashk from general discussions of love has been ideological, driven by European cultural and economic expansion, which suppressed and ignored non-European elements. It explores the particularity of Sufi ashk, as well as its similarities and differences with eros. Furthermore, this chapter challenges the historical neglect of ashk, considering both the impact of European colonialism and the internal hostilities toward Sufism within the Islamic world.