In this chapter, the spatial distribution characteristics of LST in Xi’an during heat waves and non-heat waves were analyzed from 2D and 3D landscape indices, especially the interaction between different landscape structure indices such as impervious surface, urban green space, and average building height, using the model and the SHAP value interpretation method. The results show that (1) the spatial distribution characteristics of LST variation are similar in the core area of Xi’an city during heat waves and non-heat waves, with a comparable proportion of area across each temperature level. (2) The relative importance of each influencing factor on LST during heat wave and non-heat wave is basically the same. Significant interaction effect is observed mainly among building-related factors, especially during heat wave events.