This chapter details the acquisition protocols for diagnostic imaging usable for VSP. The main concept lies in the intent of imaging, which should be rather defined “therapeutic,” as it is performed with the aim of performing VSP, which is by itself a therapeutic act. Therefore, specific protocols have been designed by radiologists to be optimal for segmentation, based on the anatomical structures of interest. This is especially true for MR, whose broad spectrum of different sequences and acquisition modalities might confuse the neophyte. Likewise, image quality cannot be separated from a solid understanding of segmentation techniques. Therefore, the most important segmentation tools will be presented throughout the chapter. Finally, the chapter will also examine VSP protocol analysis in the context of current radiation safety standards.