The escalating plastic crisis has become a defining environmental challenge of the twenty-first century, with widespread consequences for ecosystems, public health, and global economies. This chapter examines the multifaceted responses to plastic waste through global legislation and policy initiatives. It highlights the evolution of regulatory frameworks, starting with national bans on single-use plastics advancing to bold international agreements, such as the working towards a global treaty to tackle plastic pollution. By exploring case studies from diverse regions, the chapter underscores the successes and limitations of various approaches, including Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR), circular economy principles, and community-led initiatives. Furthermore, it evaluates the interplay between policy innovations, industry practices, and public behavior in addressing the plastic crisis. The chapter concludes with a discussion of future directions, emphasizing the need for harmonized global standards, inclusive governance, and sustainable innovations to mitigate plastic waste and foster systemic change. This comprehensive analysis offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and advocates committed to building a sustainable and plastic-free future.