The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) can host a very diverse array of microorganisms, and bacteria are most famous for the influence they exert on health. Still, there is a large deficiency in understanding about the effector chemicals on the bacteria that are involved. Bacterial exopolysaccharides, the glycan structures present on the bacterial cell wall, have lately gained a lot of attention because of their implications for human health. Moreover, there is a growing interest in the food industry about the synthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPS) by lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Moreover, a lot of research has been conducted on the beneficial effects of EPS produced by LAB in maintaining the gut flora and health. EPS are believed to be involved as polymers that directly regulate bacterial interactions with their host, including bacterial adhesion to the GIT epithelium, their effect on immunological responses, and the intestinal microbiota. The kind of EPS structures significantly impacts these effects and may be associated with certain monosaccharides or links in EPS.