Extracellular polymeric substances, or EPSs, are high molecular weight, complex carbohydrate biopolymers that are extracellularly secreted by various microbes, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in particular. These microalgal cells–produced EPS form an important bioproduct. The main components of EPS include polysaccharides, proteins, lipids, and DNA. LAB have long been recognized for their ability to produce a wide variety of exopolysaccharides (EPSs that have gained much attention. Several methods have been developed and optimized in the last few decades for the production, extraction, and purification of EPSs produced specially by LAB. Ethanol precipitation is the most widely used method for the recovery of EPSs from cell-free supernatant and then purified by dialysis. Postproduction, is necessary to separate and purify the EPSs from impurities such as medium impurities, microbial biomass, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), and proteins. Extraction of EPS involves many processes, which may differ based on the microorganism source, EPS kind, production medium complexity, and required purity.