Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are high molecular weight polysaccharides secreted by bacteria, yeast, molds, and microalgae into their surroundings. These EPSs are a type of extracellular carbohydrate produced in response to environmental stressors such as changes in pH, temperature, and osmotic pressure. They vary greatly in structure and composition and play several critical roles, including facilitating surface adhesion, defending against biotic and abiotic stressors, and aiding in nutrient assembly. EPSs can be categorized into two main types: homopolysaccharides, which consist of repeating units of a single sugar monomer (e.g., cellulose), and heteropolysaccharides, which are made up of multiple types of sugar monomers (e.g., xanthan gum). Their unique structures endow them with specific functional properties. Examples of EPSs include cellulose, pullulan, xanthan gum, dextran, kefiran, curdlan, emulsan, alginate, gellan, carrageenans, hyaluronic acid, levan, colanic acid, welan, glucuronides, succinoglycans, and mutan. EPSs are high-value products with significant market potential. Their value is expected to increase in the coming years, driven by their promising applications in nutraceuticals, therapeutics, and various industrial sectors. EPSs are being explored for their potential as prebiotics. They can provide energy and essential nutrients to beneficial gut microbiota, thereby supporting their growth and enhancing their activity. This chapter will provide a comprehensive review on exopolysaccharides and their role as prebiotic. Also the chapter will provide more insight on the beneficial role of exoploysaccharide on gut health.