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This chapter examines the Late Permian to Early Triassic Khuff Formation, an important carbonate-evaporite reservoir throughout the Arabian Plate. During this epoch, the Arabian Plate, encompassing Qatar, constituted a segment of the Pangean supercontinent, with tectonic processes influencing its stratigraphy. Rifting along the Neo-Tethys coast approximately 300 million years ago commenced crustal thinning and sinking, creating an extensive epeiric shelf sea spanning from Iran to Saudi Arabia. This transgression altered the depositional environment from siliciclastic to carbonate-evaporite as the Arabian Plate migrated toward warmer, dry climates. The Pre-Khuff Unconformity, roughly 268 million years old, signifies the origin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and a notable marine transgression. The Khuff Formation, thoroughly examined for its hydrocarbon reservoirs, comprises stratified carbonates and evaporites, extensively found throughout Saudi Arabia, Oman, Iran, and Qatar. Stratigraphic analyses have divided the Khuff into various units, each indicative of distinct depositional habitats, from tidal flats to open sea conditions. Prominent subunits comprise oolitic and bioclastic grainstones, dolomitized mudstones, and microbial facies, signifying a high-energy, shallow marine carbonate platform affected by tidal and storm dynamics. The Khuff Formation in Qatar has increased thickness in the northeast, indicative of regional tectonics and structural development influenced possibly by underlying Hormuz salt. The Khuff depositional system is recognized as one of the earliest extensive carbonate ramps in the Arabian Plate, setting a precedent for carbonate-dominated sedimentation. This carbonate ramp model encompasses a progression from high-energy oolitic shoals to low-energy tidal flats, highlighting the formation’s considerable hydrocarbon potential. This chapter offers a comprehensive analysis of the Khuff formation lithofacies, stratigraphy, and depositional conditions in the Gulf region, emphasizing its significance as a principal oil reservoir.

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The Late Permian-Early Triassic

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Fadhil N. Sadooni,
  • Hamad Al-Saad Al-Kuwari

摘要

This chapter examines the Late Permian to Early Triassic Khuff Formation, an important carbonate-evaporite reservoir throughout the Arabian Plate. During this epoch, the Arabian Plate, encompassing Qatar, constituted a segment of the Pangean supercontinent, with tectonic processes influencing its stratigraphy. Rifting along the Neo-Tethys coast approximately 300 million years ago commenced crustal thinning and sinking, creating an extensive epeiric shelf sea spanning from Iran to Saudi Arabia. This transgression altered the depositional environment from siliciclastic to carbonate-evaporite as the Arabian Plate migrated toward warmer, dry climates. The Pre-Khuff Unconformity, roughly 268 million years old, signifies the origin of the Neo-Tethys Ocean and a notable marine transgression. The Khuff Formation, thoroughly examined for its hydrocarbon reservoirs, comprises stratified carbonates and evaporites, extensively found throughout Saudi Arabia, Oman, Iran, and Qatar. Stratigraphic analyses have divided the Khuff into various units, each indicative of distinct depositional habitats, from tidal flats to open sea conditions. Prominent subunits comprise oolitic and bioclastic grainstones, dolomitized mudstones, and microbial facies, signifying a high-energy, shallow marine carbonate platform affected by tidal and storm dynamics. The Khuff Formation in Qatar has increased thickness in the northeast, indicative of regional tectonics and structural development influenced possibly by underlying Hormuz salt. The Khuff depositional system is recognized as one of the earliest extensive carbonate ramps in the Arabian Plate, setting a precedent for carbonate-dominated sedimentation. This carbonate ramp model encompasses a progression from high-energy oolitic shoals to low-energy tidal flats, highlighting the formation’s considerable hydrocarbon potential. This chapter offers a comprehensive analysis of the Khuff formation lithofacies, stratigraphy, and depositional conditions in the Gulf region, emphasizing its significance as a principal oil reservoir.