Urban slums in Indian cities are key sites of socio-economic challenges and political engagement, significantly influencing urban elections. Slum populations serve as crucial constituencies, shaping governance strategies through their electoral influence. This study examines (1) how electoral politics shape slum development policies, (2) strategies used by political parties to mobilize slum populations, and (3) the socio-economic impacts of these engagements. Using qualitative methods, it analyzes in-depth interviews with Kolkata’s slum residents, election manifestos, and policy documents. Preliminary findings indicate that electoral considerations drive short-term development initiatives, often failing to address structural challenges. While residents may gain immediate benefits such as housing or basic services, these interventions typically lack a sustainable vision. This research contributes to discussions on urban governance, social justice, and inclusive policymaking by situating the analysis within Kolkata's socio-political landscape. It offers political actors and policy-makers insights to enhance equity and accountability in urban development.