The electrical industry is entering a new era where the conventional power system is being transformed into a smart grid with two-way power flow and information flow. The main drivers of this evolution are the increased demand for electricity, an increasing lack of interest in traditional energy sources, and the unpredictable and stochastic outputs of distribution energy resources (DERs). Comprehensive energy management for DC, AC, and hybrid microgrids operating in both off-grid or isolated modes as well as grid-connected modes is addressed in this chapter. Additionally, this chapter discusses energy management strategies for addressing the uncertainties associated with the generation of renewable electricity. In the end, an energy management strategy based on cost comparison is considered a case study to minimize operational costs and maximize the use of renewable energy. Besides, the chapter concluded with an introduction to demand response, demand response programs, and price elasticity.