This chapter takes its cue from the concluding part of the preceding chapter which stresses the status of group rights in the postcolonial African state, and which groups and under which condition such groups should or should not have group rights. The contentiousness of the status of groups and group rights leads this chapter to visit the status of groups and group rights in the postcolonial African state. This chapter narrows the discussion on groups and group rights to minorities and minority rights in the postcolonial African state. The historical and contemporary condition of minorities in particular, and the status of groups and group rights in general, in the postcolonial African state demonstrate that identity is simultaneously an important and problematic phenomenon in the postcolonial African state. Although the simultaneous importance and problem of identity in the postcolonial African state goes beyond its implication for groups and group rights in general and minority and minority rights in particular, minority identity is especially important and problematic because minorities are usually at the receiving end of domination and discrimination in the postcolonial African state. Therefore, this chapter explores the condition of minorities and minority rights in the postcolonial African state.