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Tracking tagged whales in near real time, with an average delay of 8 min, by intercepting Argos FastGPS packets alongside traditional methods, such as VHF and visual tracking, offers several advantages. One key benefit is improving the efficiency and reliability of controlled exposure experiments (CEE), where operators need to process and visualize multiple data sources to make optimal decisions for exposure design. To support the fourth phase of the Sea mammals and Sonar Safety (3S4) experiments at sea, a tool was developed that integrates automatically received whale positions with other essential data, such as the location of the sonar-equipped source vessel, AIS tracks, and bathymetry. It also includes a planning module that predicts the distance between the source vessel and the whale based on possible vessel trajectories relative to each whale’s path. This tool was successfully used during three 3S4 sonar trials in 2023–2025, demonstrating its value in conducting CEEs. A laptop demo of the tool was available at AN2025. This CEE Tool allows better design, better control, and better execution of CEE experiments during any time of day, reducing ship time.

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CEE Tool: A Navigation and Planning Tool for Controlled Exposure Experiments with Real-Time Automated Whale Tracking

  • 动态工具书词条

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Cecile van der Stappen,
  • Sander van Ijsselmuide,
  • Martijn van Riet,
  • Frans-Peter A. Lam,
  • Paul J. Wensveen,
  • Patrick Miller,
  • Petter H. Kvadsheim

摘要

Tracking tagged whales in near real time, with an average delay of 8 min, by intercepting Argos FastGPS packets alongside traditional methods, such as VHF and visual tracking, offers several advantages. One key benefit is improving the efficiency and reliability of controlled exposure experiments (CEE), where operators need to process and visualize multiple data sources to make optimal decisions for exposure design. To support the fourth phase of the Sea mammals and Sonar Safety (3S4) experiments at sea, a tool was developed that integrates automatically received whale positions with other essential data, such as the location of the sonar-equipped source vessel, AIS tracks, and bathymetry. It also includes a planning module that predicts the distance between the source vessel and the whale based on possible vessel trajectories relative to each whale’s path. This tool was successfully used during three 3S4 sonar trials in 2023–2025, demonstrating its value in conducting CEEs. A laptop demo of the tool was available at AN2025. This CEE Tool allows better design, better control, and better execution of CEE experiments during any time of day, reducing ship time.