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Access to space with reusable winged flight vehicles started with the SpaceSpace Shuttle Orbiter Shuttle Orbiter in 1981. The orbiter was launched like a rocket and returned to Earth as a glider. Soon after worldwide studies were beginning which aimed at airbreathing access to space. Pure airbreathing single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) access proved to be impossible, two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) with an airbreathing lower stage and a rocket-propelled upper stage seemed to be the solution.

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Closing Notes

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Ernst Heinrich Hirschel,
  • Werner Staudacher,
  • Mirko Hornung,
  • Daniel Kliche

摘要

Access to space with reusable winged flight vehicles started with the SpaceSpace Shuttle Orbiter Shuttle Orbiter in 1981. The orbiter was launched like a rocket and returned to Earth as a glider. Soon after worldwide studies were beginning which aimed at airbreathing access to space. Pure airbreathing single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) access proved to be impossible, two-stage-to-orbit (TSTO) with an airbreathing lower stage and a rocket-propelled upper stage seemed to be the solution.