Graphene-related materials (GRMs) have emerged as promising candidates for applications in neuroscience due to their unique physical, chemical, and electronic properties. Graphene, a two-dimensional carbon allotrope with sp2 hybridization, exhibits exceptional conductivity, mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. This chapter explores various types of GRMs, including graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), highlighting their synthesis, properties, and applications. In neuroscience, GRMs are utilized in micro-electrode arrays (MEAs) for neural recording, stimulation devices for neurological disorders, and scaffolds for neuronal tissue engineering. Their interactions with biological systems, particularly neurons and glial cells, are discussed in terms of toxicity, biocompatibility, and functional integration. Advances in fabrication techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and liquid-phase exfoliation, enable precise control over material properties for biomedical applications. Despite their potential, challenges related to long-term stability, biocompatibility, and selective stimulation remain. Future research aims to optimize GRMs for safer and more effective neurological interventions.