Astrocytes, once considered merely supportive cells of the nervous system, are now recognised as active players in brain information processing. Growing evidence indicates that the bidirectional communication between astrocytes and neurons is crucial in physiological and pathological conditions far beyond their traditionally perceived supportive functions. This chapter seeks to challenge the long-held neurocentric view, emphasising the critical functions of astrocytes beyond mere support roles. By delving into the physiology of astrocytes, we will identify specific mechanisms and targets whose dysfunction can lead to acute and chronic pathologies. It is essential to design and develop new technologies to advance our understanding and the ability to modulate astrocytes effectively. Throughout this chapter, we will explore the significance of various astrocytic components and functions, including ion channels, ion dynamics, and transporters, demonstrating their importance and understanding their potential as targets of these emerging technologies, aiming to develop novel therapeutic strategies.