Beekeeping represents a crucial economic sector with significant implications for family sustainability and agricultural productivity; however, it has been the object of scarce economic analysis compared to other agricultural practices, largely due to its prevalence among hobbyists rather than professionals. Recent research trends have emphasized ecosystem services rather than the profitability of professional beekeeping. Honey stands as the primary economically valued product, with global production reaching approximately two million tons in 2022 and China as the leading producer. The European Union (EU) holds the largest number of honey bee colonies globally, contributing significantly to honey yields and production values, which exceed one billion US$. Despite the primary reliance on honey, a growing market for other hive products such as pollen and royal jelly showcases the economic diversity of beekeeping. The socio-economic benefits of beekeeping are notable, with beekeeping playing a vital role in family income and regional sustainability, particularly in regions like Africa and South America, despite limited statistical data. The parasitic mite Varroa destructor, one of the main factors implicated in the colony losses phenomenon, poses a high economic impact on beekeeping. Recent estimates indicate average financial losses around 200–300 € per colony, with staggering cumulative impacts across various countries. The EurBeST study highlights breeding costs associated with the production of queen bees and colony evaluation processes, revealing a complex interplay between costs, market prices, and the economic viability of beekeeping operations. Moreover, selectively breeding for varroa resistance traits is highlighted as a potential pathway for improving colony health and profitability. Policymakers are urged to support breeding programs through public funding to promote sustainability and enhance selection success in the beekeeping sector. We here underscore the need for comprehensive economic studies to fully realize the potential and challenges faced by the beekeeping industry.