The unusual mating biology of honey bees makes keeping control of selective breeding difficult. Queens naturally mate in drone congregation areas where drones from many colonies assemble. This chapter discusses different methods of ensuring that chosen queens mate with chosen drones. The most common methods of ensuring controlled mating is through the use of isolated mating stations. Islands form a near ideal situation, but in their absence, other isolated locations such as deep valleys, mountains or deserts are alternatives. Methods of improving success such as drone saturation are discussed. Another alternative method, the ‘late afternoon mating system’ or ‘moonlight mating system’, is also described. Requirements for successful mating are outlined, especially the preparation of drone-producing colonies. Finally, methods for quantifying mating success are outlined.